具有可编程能量定义采样功能的连续状态概率计算机的首次硬件演示

arXiv:2610.31339v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Probabilistic computing has proved useful for combinatorial optimization, but conventional implementations rely on binary stochastic units and sigmoid-based updates. Extending these systems to continuous variables requires binary encoding. Here we introduce a continuous probabilistic computer (CPC) whose continuous probabilistic bits sample bounded states from conditional distributions defined by local energies. Separating random-source generation from conditional sampling provides a route to using physical random sources with different native distributions. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype updates finite-precision states using digital randomness. The same framework supports product constraints, memory recovery and solution-space exploration. For the tested 7-bit factorization case, fixed-temperature FPGA CPC reduces mean core solving time approximately 33,000-fold relative to the evaluated quadratic unconstrained binary optimization software implementation. The FPGA recovers stored MNIST patterns without pretrained networks, achieving final success rates of 100%. Software CPC reaches 90% reference coverage of the feasible area in approximately 18% of the time required by restarted Adam.